<胎兒心律不整 - bradycardia>
才讀完台兒通訊上期的雙月刊,門診就來了一個意外發現有房室傳導阻斷寶寶。
在診間聽心跳的時候,聽半天覺得心跳怎麼這麼慢? 到處都再確定一下又跟媽媽的脈搏相比不同,所以應該也不是聽到媽媽的動脈血流聲,因此帶她去超音波室一照,發現果不其然胎兒的心跳量起來只有70-80下。
立馬安排了比較詳細的心臟超音波,還有抽血來做更進一步的檢查。
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寶寶的心跳正常來說是在110-160下/分鐘之間,超過160下是心搏過快,太低則是心搏過慢。
心律不整是一個大課題,今天先從 #心博過慢這個族群來講起。
完整內容請看部落格文章
https://drjessicakang.blogspot.com/2021/07/blog-post.html
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胎兒心搏過緩要考慮幾個鑑別診斷:
1. 竇性心搏過慢 Sinus bradycardia
(Transient, fetal distress, sinus node dysfunction, Long QT syndrome...)
2. 緩慢性的心律不整 Bradyarrhythmia -> 房室傳導阻斷 AV block
---
1. #竇性心搏過慢
表示胎兒心跳是規則的慢,並不是心房心室的傳導出問題,一個A對一個V。
(1) 暫時性的/胎兒窘迫:
待產時候常見的因為胎頭壓迫所造成的心跳過慢,還有心跳一去不復返的胎兒窘迫。
要考慮的可能是超音波做太久探頭壓迫的影響,或是注意媽媽有沒有低體溫的症狀?
如果以上都沒有,但是心跳還是很慢,就要認真考慮是不是其他的問題了。
(2) 竇房結異常:
竇房結出現問題,就會影響到心律,有些結構上的問題可能會影響到竇房結的位置,像是heterotaxy(異位症),interrupted IVC,或是單一心室的結構。
(3) Long QT syndrome:
如果心臟結構沒有問題,也排除了第二點的房室傳導阻斷,就要考慮是否為long QT syndrome (我對這個疾病的認識要遙想當年在中榮心臟內科當intern被電的時期阿)
但是Long QT這個疾病也通常只能在出生之後用心電圖來確認。
2. #房室傳導阻斷
大概1/15000-20000,大約40%合併心臟結構問題,其他60%若無心臟結構問題,要考慮跟免疫相關(特別是anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB抗體)
再來就是難到爆的分類 (沒錯就是跟以前CV學的Mobitz type 1漸行漸遠甚麼碗糕的)
基本上分類和大人一模一樣 (這樣是可以不用介紹的意思嗎??)
要量測PR interval還有對照A-V的比例 (認真覺得這期台兒通訊錄介紹的很淺顯易懂而且是中文版,有興趣的人可以去參考看看)
(#詳細說明請看部落格文章)
---
***如果是懷疑AV block的胎兒,建議媽媽要抽anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB抗體,來確認免疫部分有沒有問題。
對於確定有anti-Ro/SSA或是anti-La/SSB抗體的媽媽,以前的印象總是要使用類固醇 (fluorinated corticosteroids),像是betamethasone or dexamethasone來治療,但是最近有些文獻指出,使用類固醇治療與否對於胎兒預後或是新生兒的預後其實沒有顯著的差別。要加快胎兒心跳,也有人使用salbutamol, b-agonist來治療,但是都沒有定論;另外也有使用IVIG的例子。
對於大家最常使用的 #類固醇,文獻中主要提到有幾點需要注意:
1. #影響胎兒預後的因子: 發現時間點<20週,ventricular rate<50 bpm,胎兒水腫,左心室功能受影響 ->預後差
2. 使用類固醇,主要對於"#預防"胎兒變成最嚴重的3度房室傳導阻斷有用;但是對於已經是完全房室傳導阻斷的胎兒,效用就沒有那麼好
3. 如果出現胎兒水腫,使用類固醇有時候可以 #改善水腫嚴重程度
4. 長期使用類固醇,對於胎兒還是會有一些影響,如 #羊水過少,#胎兒生長遲滯等,因此要衡量一下利弊
5. anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB抗體陽性的個案,AVBII沒有辦法自發性地回復到正常,但是如果有使用類固醇,就有機會會回復
參考資料:
Michael et al. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X. 2019 Jun 16;4:100072
Eliasson et al. Circulation 2011 Nov 1;124(18):1919-26
#胎兒異常
#胎兒心律不整
#產前診斷
#產前超音波
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60 bpm 在 薛宇哲老師醫學教育知識區 Facebook 的最讚貼文
60 bpm 在 Facebook 的最讚貼文
#ECG Demo: QT vs QTc
# QT 間隔與心率成反比,因此以QTc (校正後的QT間隔)做為衡量標準。
# 以60 bpm的標準心率估算QT間隔
#如何測量QT間隔
.QT間隔測量: Lead II 或V5-6
.應該測量幾個連續的QRS 波,並以最大間隔為單位
.測量中應包含與T波 + U波(> 1mm)
.較小的U波和與T波分開的U波應排除在外
.T波的結束點定義: 最大斜率截距方法
#QT vs QTc (校正後的QT間隔)
#正常QTc 值:男性< 440ms , 女性 <460ms
# QTc > 500 會增加發生 torsades de pointes之風險
# QTc <350ms QTc 過短
# 經驗法則,正常 QT小於先前RR間隔的一半
#QTc Interval 延長 (>440ms) 的原因(See Photos)
#短QT 症候群 (< 350 ms)
由於先天性短QT症後群而導致的QTc非常短(280ms),具有高的峰值T波
先天性短QT症候群(SQTS) 是常染色體顯性遺傳性鉀通道遺傳性疾病,與陣發性心房和心室纖顫以及心源性猝死的風險增加相關
#ECG的主要變化是非常短的QTc(<300-350ms),具有高的峰值T波
#短QT症候群可能由以下情況提示:
1.年輕人的AF
2.QT間隔短的家庭成員
3.心源性猝死的家族病史
4.心電圖顯示QTc <350 ms並伴有尖銳的T波
5.QT間隔無法隨著心律減慢而增加
#毛地黃效應
Digoxin會導致QT間隔的相對縮短,並導致側線的ST段向下傾斜下垂出現)(像達利的翹鬍子),廣泛的T波變平和倒置以及大量心律不齊(房性心動過速並伴有傳導阻滯) ,竇性心動過緩,規則性AF,任何類型的房室傳導阻滯)。
清爽閱讀選這裡:
https://reurl.cc/g8g81z
60 bpm 在 ĐÔNG NHI Youtube 的最讚貼文
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60 bpm 在 Bang DIY Youtube 的最讚貼文
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60 bpm 在 兄者弟者 Youtube 的精選貼文
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